 |
1903
Mary Dreier, Rheta Childe Dorr, Leonora O'Reilly, and others form the Women's Trade Union League of New York, an organization of middle- and working-class women dedicated to unionization for working women and to woman suffrage. This group later became a nucleus of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU).
1908
National Women's Day is celebrated in the U.S. for the first time; the celebration goes international in 1910.
1911
The National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NAOWS) is organized. Led by Mrs. Arthur Dodge, its members included wealthy, influential women and some Catholic clergymen--including Cardinal Gibbons.
1912
Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party becomes the first national political party to support suffrage for women.
1913
Alice Paul and Lucy Burns organize a major suffrage parade in Washington, D.C. with over 5,000 women attending. The mistreatment of the marchers by the crowd and the police led to a great public outcry and the event was a media coup for the suffragists.
1916
NAWSA president Carrie Chapman Catt unveils her "winning plan" for suffrage victory at a convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It involved efforts to gain suffrage in a state-by-state fashion. Alice Paul splits with NAWSA in disagreement over this position and founds the National Woman's Party (NWP) setting out to win a national suffrage amendment by targeting Congress and the White House with a strategy of sustained, dramatic, nonviolent protest.
1917
National Woman's Party stations daily pickets at the White House in civil disobedience campaign.
1918 to 1920
The Great War (World War I) intervenes to slow down the suffrage campaign as some--but not all--suffragists decide to shelve their suffrage activism in favor of "war work." Alice Paul and the NWP stage daily pickets and many women are arrested at the White House.
August 26, 1920
The Nineteenth Amendment is ratified. Its victory accomplished, NAWSA ceases to exist, but its organization becomes the nucleus of the League of Women Voter
1923
The National Woman's Party first proposes the Equal Rights Amendment to eliminate discrimination on the basis of gender. It has never been ratified.
|
|
|
|
|
